![]() ![]() The remainder of section 1 provides a few highlights of the history of firearms identification. The current review focuses on topography methods with some illustrative examples and on recent work. Gerules et al published a broad review of methods for firearms analysis in 2010. This review describes some of the methods practiced and results accomplished thus far in the field. Nevertheless, the field has a promising future with a vision that one day investigations and firearm identifications might be accomplished or affirmed through automated searches and matches using topography data from the surfaces of the ballistics evidence. The combined field is so new that firearm identifications at crime labs using the cartridge case or bullet impressions are still performed manually by experts in optical (side-by-side) comparison microscopes. The field of firearms identification is more than 100 years old and the field of surface topography measurement is at least 80 years old, but the combination of the two, surface topography measurements and analysis in the study of fired cartridge cases and bullets, has only been around for about 15 years.
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